23 July 1261
An invading military underneath John Fitzgerald was defeated by the Gaelic forces of Finghin MacCartaigh on the battle of Callann, close to modern-day Kilgarvan in County Kerry.
23 July 1883
Alan Francis Brooke was born close to Pau in southern France. A distinguished soldier, he turned chief of the Imperial Normal Workers in 1941 and was famous for his capacity to face as much as Winston Churchill.
23 July 1903
In Chicago, Dr Ernst Pfenning turns into the primary man to purchase a Ford motor automobile, spending lower than $1,000 on a Mannequin A.
23 July 1940
The Native Defence Volunteers, which had been fashioned after secretary of state for struggle Anthony Eden’s radio enchantment to the nation on 14 Could, was first referred to in parliament because the Dwelling Guard. The brand new identify was the brainchild of Winston Churchill who thought that the unique title was uninspiring and needed to stress the nationwide nature of the organisation. Regardless of opposition by a few of his colleagues on the grounds that one million armbands with the letters LDV upon them had simply been produced, Churchill acquired his method.
23 July 1942
Adolf Hitler issued Führer Directive Quantity 45, ordering Military Group A to push on into the Caucasus and Military Group B to smash Russian forces concentrated round Stalingrad and seize the town.
